is there a way to restore my iPhone at an earlier time similar to
a pc
to enable retrieving data
You can restore from the last backup from iCloud.
iCloud: Restore or set up your iOS device from iCloud
As mentioned, you can restore from an iCloud backup IF you were using iCloud and allowing for backups. You can also restore from a backup done via iTunes if you were choosing to backup that way. If you weren't backingup at all then no you won't be able to do anything
