If the card says Vodafone on it, that is almost certainly your SIM card, which Verizon includes so that you can roam internationally on their Vodafone partner networks. I don't think your pictures will be saved on that card because it isn't active when you're using the phone in the US.
Did you have an SD card installed in the phone? That would be were your pictures might be stored, and as the other poster described, you can buy a small adapter to read it from your computer. The SD card will have the letters SD on it somewhere.
Finally, try drying your phone completely (put it in a sock in some rice, or kitty litter, or something absorbent for a few days) and see if you can turn it on. Even if the screen doesn't work, you could plug it in to your computer and possibly salvage some of the data stored in the internal memory that way.
