I am not sure what you are referring to. It is not needed for the data communication to the boxes. It sounds like its a signal modulator to increase or decrease the signal going through it.
Actually, I think what the OP is referring to is an RF tap. One output has virtually no attenuation (fractional dB) and acts as a "pass thru" while the other can have attenuation varying from 3 dB to 20 or 40 dB (depending on the model). This would be used where one leg needs a less strong signal (the attenuated output) while still providing the "full" signal to the other leg.
As to why the installer would have used it I have no idea unless he was having signal strngth issues of either too much for the router or too littel for the rest the network.