Have been having this issue for a while now and just saw a bunch of similar threads. If my phone doesn't have 5G - Ultra Wideband I get absolutely no data connectivity. It may say 5G or LTE but nothing will load unless it has that 5G-UW in the top right corner. Felt like I had far better coverage when we were on 4G and ever since the 5G switch it has been a challenge to find the sporadic locations that offer ultra-wideband.
Not a technical expert but I've been in and live in areas that show either 4G LTE or 5G on the Verizon Coverage Map but get absolutely no data connectivity.
Phone is updated to the latest and I have tried restarting, etc. to resolve issues.
I don't think its a hardware/phone problem but a service provider problem.